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Research Article
Legal Transplants in Indonesia: Bridging Tradition and Modernity
Ratno Lukito*
Issue:
Volume 14, Issue 2, April 2025
Pages:
60-77
Received:
28 January 2025
Accepted:
20 February 2025
Published:
6 March 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ss.20251402.11
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Abstract: Legal transplants, the adoption of foreign legal principles into a domestic legal system, have significantly influenced Indonesia’s legal development. As a country characterized by legal pluralism—comprising state law, customary law (adat), and Islamic law—Indonesia has historically relied on legal transplants to modernize its legal system, bridge legal gaps, and harmonize conflicting traditions. This study examines key cases of legal transplantation in Indonesia, including the adoption of anti-money laundering laws based on FATF recommendations, the integration of constitutional injury principles into the Constitutional Court’s procedural norms, and the application of the proportionality principle in judicial review. Furthermore, the incorporation of Islamic family law through the Compilation of Islamic Law, the regulation of endowments under Law No. 41 of 2004, and the development of Shariah economics through KHES illustrate how traditional Islamic concepts have been adapted to align with modern legal frameworks. While some legal transplants involve direct adoption with minimal changes, others require modifications to fit Indonesia’s socio-cultural and legal context. Despite challenges such as potential conflicts with local traditions and legal inconsistencies, legal transplants remain essential for Indonesia’s legal evolution. By carefully integrating foreign legal norms while preserving local values, Indonesia can continue to strengthen its legal system to meet the needs of its diverse and dynamic society.
Abstract: Legal transplants, the adoption of foreign legal principles into a domestic legal system, have significantly influenced Indonesia’s legal development. As a country characterized by legal pluralism—comprising state law, customary law (adat), and Islamic law—Indonesia has historically relied on legal transplants to modernize its legal system, bridge ...
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Research Article
Adaptive Representation: A Moderate Stance on Predictive Processing
Zhichao Gong,
Yidong Wei*
Issue:
Volume 14, Issue 2, April 2025
Pages:
78-86
Received:
27 April 2024
Accepted:
13 May 2024
Published:
11 March 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ss.20251402.12
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Abstract: Predictive processing (PP), emerging as a novel research paradigm in contemporary cognitive science, offers a departure from both traditional computational representation views and 4E+S cognition perspectives. This theory advocates that the brain is a hierarchical prediction model based on Bayesian inference, which aims to minimize the difference between the predicted world and the actual world to prediction error minimization. In recent years, the problem of representation has emerged as a focal point in the philosophical examination of PP. This article introduces two primary strands of PP theories: conservative predictive processing (CPP) and radical predictive processing (RPP). Building upon these frameworks, it outlines three distinct positions regarding the representation problem within PP: representationalism, anti-representationalism, and a moderate stance on representations. Lastly, the article proposes a new perspective on representation: Adaptive Representation. Adaptive representation highlights the fact that generative processes are adaptive processes, and that adaptation is not necessarily optimal, whether based on natural selection or natural drift; and that generation is at the same time a representational process. By advocating for a form of weak representationalism grounded in adaptive processes, this perspective supports a moderate stance on representations within PP.
Abstract: Predictive processing (PP), emerging as a novel research paradigm in contemporary cognitive science, offers a departure from both traditional computational representation views and 4E+S cognition perspectives. This theory advocates that the brain is a hierarchical prediction model based on Bayesian inference, which aims to minimize the difference b...
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Research Article
Conflict, Conflict Transformation and Peace Building: The Role of Religion in Cameroon from a Biblical Perspective
Godlove Sevidzem Ntem*
Issue:
Volume 14, Issue 2, April 2025
Pages:
87-93
Received:
4 September 2024
Accepted:
5 November 2024
Published:
18 March 2025
Abstract: Conflict is a human problem. This paper examines from a biblical perspective, the role that conflict has played in the disruption of human relations and how religion tries to mitigate the situation from complete breakdown through conflict Transformation and Peace building. Jesus equally lived in an agonistic society of conflict and racial differences wherein the question of the clean and unclean was a matter of endless discussion. The Jews considered their election and their religious purity to mean that God was to deal with them more favourably to the exclusion of the Gentiles One of the religious pillars which stood out as a symbol of ethnic conflict was the temple. While the Jews worshiped in the temple in Jerusalem, the Samaritans worshiped at Mt Gerizim and Jews viewed Samaritans with scorn as corrupters of their faith. When Jesus stepped into the scene, he fought this generational hatred and conflict between the Jews and Samaritans and Gentiles with love and compassion. This paper contends that the continuous existence of cultural prejudice, bad governance and marginalisation of the minority are some of the debilitating factors that breed conflict in Cameroon. To overcome these impediments, the paper recommends that conflict resolution should be strengthened through dialogue, mediation, and mitigation with particular attention to the biblical values of love and compassion. Contribution: This article highlights the negative role that conflict has played in the disruption of human relations in Cameroon and seeks to employ the role of religion as a trump card in peace building. The paper proposes that the over seven year’s conflict in Cameroon can be overcome through dialogue, mediation and arbitration using biblical models of conflict resolutions. It thus contributes to the possible resolution of conflict situations in the Cameroonian society.
Abstract: Conflict is a human problem. This paper examines from a biblical perspective, the role that conflict has played in the disruption of human relations and how religion tries to mitigate the situation from complete breakdown through conflict Transformation and Peace building. Jesus equally lived in an agonistic society of conflict and racial differenc...
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Research Article
Exploring Leadership's Impact on Working Culture, Organizational Culture, and Institutional Development at Samara University, Ethiopia: A Qualitative Study
Efa Tadesse Debele*
Issue:
Volume 14, Issue 2, April 2025
Pages:
94-108
Received:
20 November 2024
Accepted:
2 December 2024
Published:
18 March 2025
Abstract: The influence of leadership on working culture, organizational culture, and institutional development or trajectory requires more attention. This study examines the leadership style of Samara University President Mohammed Usman Darasa and its impact on the university. The researcher utilized qualitative research methods and conducted in-depth interviews with 50 individuals and 10 key informants. The results indicate that the president's leadership has had a positive impact on the university, resulting in a more dedicated and motivated workforce, a better work environment, implementing initiatives aimed at enhancing campus greenery and beautification, improved connectivity and visibility, enhanced technological adaptability, advanced service modalities, and leveraged eLearning management systems, as well as excellently hosted national and international events. The establishment of a strong leadership culture at Samara University includes various key indicators that demonstrate the president's commitment to promoting effective leadership. Changes in the working culture at Samara University are attributed to dynamics within the leadership culture. The organizational culture at Samara University is evolving by incorporating critical aspects such as the institution's atmosphere, values, and behavioral patterns. In this study, an exploration of Samara University's development trajectory was conducted, highlighting key indicators of its progress and outlining potential directions for future growth. However, it was noted that past leadership styles and middle and lower leadership competency still need improvement in the university's development. The study concludes that exploring leadership implications is crucial for organizational growth and recommends enhancing President Mohammed Usman Darasa's leadership style through capacity building and reinforcement mechanisms.
Abstract: The influence of leadership on working culture, organizational culture, and institutional development or trajectory requires more attention. This study examines the leadership style of Samara University President Mohammed Usman Darasa and its impact on the university. The researcher utilized qualitative research methods and conducted in-depth inter...
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Research Article
The Taxonomy of the Interaction of Key Civil-Military Relations Players in the Democratisation Process in Malawi
Issue:
Volume 14, Issue 2, April 2025
Pages:
123-135
Received:
6 March 2025
Accepted:
19 March 2025
Published:
31 March 2025
Abstract: This study analysed the consequences of the interactions of key civil-military relations players in a democratic Malawi. Militaries play a crucial role in democratic transitions. The transition from autocracy to democracy in Malawi necessitated institutional reforms to sustain democracy. One such institution that required reforms is the military, owing to the inherent coercive force it possesses. This study was conducted as evidence suggested a recurrent increase in military interventions in domestic politics of a number of global south countries through coup d’état hence, portraying militaries negatively. Coup d’état has been given much scholarly attention in the global south. However, this study focused on situations where civilians and the militaries have defended democratic values which have not received adequate pedagogical attention. The qualitative research design was used and data was collected using semi-structured questionnaires. A total of 65 key informants were interviewed. The respondents included Members of Parliament, the Parliamentary Defence and Security Committee, Judges, representatives from Civil Society Organizations, media practitioners, officials from the Ministry of Defence, the Malawi Defence Force, members of the District Security Technical Committee and the local population. Data was analysed using critical thinking once the data collection saturation point was reached. The study revealed that the various civil-military relations stakeholders' managerial, operational and oversight roles represent the centres of power critical for successful democratisation. The study further revealed that the role familiarity gap remained a fault line in the civil-military relations system. The study recommends the establishment and channels of knowledge markets to resolve the familiarity gap problematique. Further study is warranted on the effectiveness of the key civil-military relations players towards democratisation in Malawi.
Abstract: This study analysed the consequences of the interactions of key civil-military relations players in a democratic Malawi. Militaries play a crucial role in democratic transitions. The transition from autocracy to democracy in Malawi necessitated institutional reforms to sustain democracy. One such institution that required reforms is the military, o...
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Research Article
Research on the Cultural Connotation and Living Inheritance of Taishan Village Female Red Embroidery Based on Ecological Aesthetics
Issue:
Volume 14, Issue 2, April 2025
Pages:
136-152
Received:
11 March 2025
Accepted:
8 April 2025
Published:
14 April 2025
Abstract: As an important component of Chinese traditional folk handicrafts, needlework embroidery in rural areas of Mount Taishan area carries profound cultural connotation and aesthetic value with its distinctive regional characteristics and unique artistic style. In the current society where cultural heritage and ecological protection are highly valued, it is of great significance to conduct research on them from the perspective of ecological aesthetics. This study uses grounded theoretical methods to construct the ecological aesthetic theoretical framework of rural needlework embroidery in Mount Taishan through data collection, open coding, spindle coding, selective coding and other steps, and conducts theoretical saturation test. This theoretical framework covers three dimensions: natural ecology, cultural ecology, and aesthetic ecology, which are interrelated and have different functions. Research has found that in the dimension of natural ecology, embroidery widely uses natural materials such as cotton, linen, and silk to showcase a simple texture and harmonious colors. The themes of the works are mostly taken from nature, reflecting the pursuit of natural beauty; In terms of cultural ecology, it carries regional culture, reflects local history, customs, and religious characteristics, embodies folk culture, witnesses life etiquette, inherits female culture, symbolizes traditional female roles, continues emotional sustenance, and conveys aesthetics and values; The aesthetic ecological dimension presents the beauty of simplicity, reflected in materials, craftsmanship, creative motivation, and life philosophy, highlighting the beauty of harmony, covering the harmony between humans and nature, humans and humans, art and life, showcasing the beauty of innovation, promoting the revitalization of traditional skills and adapting to the needs of the times. To achieve the dynamic inheritance of its ecological aesthetics, strategies such as strengthening inheritance awareness, cultivating inheritance talents, and promoting industrial integration can be adopted. Promote through traditional and social media, organize exhibitions and events to enhance public awareness; Establish a protection and inheritance mechanism, and establish a multi-level training system; Combine with tourism, cultural creativity and modern fashion industries to expand the development space, thus promoting the inheritance and development of needlework embroidery in rural areas of Mount Taishan in the new era, and contributing to rural revitalization and ecological protection.
Abstract: As an important component of Chinese traditional folk handicrafts, needlework embroidery in rural areas of Mount Taishan area carries profound cultural connotation and aesthetic value with its distinctive regional characteristics and unique artistic style. In the current society where cultural heritage and ecological protection are highly valued, i...
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Research Article
Telangana Movement and Growth of Iconography (Time-biased Media)
Nagraj Ankesrapu*
Issue:
Volume 14, Issue 2, April 2025
Pages:
153-158
Received:
20 March 2025
Accepted:
28 March 2025
Published:
19 April 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ss.20251402.18
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Abstract: Harold Innis divided the media into time-biased and space-biased in his book The Bias of Communication, 1951. The two play a vital role in society concerning information dissemination, while time and space have unique qualities in informing, inspiring and shaping societies, human beings have used the time and space media selectively to propagate their agenda Iconography is vital in furthering ideas across generations in time and space, making legends true and inspiring people. In the Telangana movement, Iconography played an important role and it is evident that iconography became the focal point in the six decades of Telangana people's struggle. the question arises, whether the statues and monuments or those replaced with others hold the same significance all the time or if they tend to lose the sheen once the goal is achieved. Many such statues and monuments that are erected post-independence are by and large neglected by leaders and the general public. The significance and relevance once ascribed to these statues and monuments slowly faded away, and the cause that was once the driving force no longer binds the people after the success.
Abstract: Harold Innis divided the media into time-biased and space-biased in his book The Bias of Communication, 1951. The two play a vital role in society concerning information dissemination, while time and space have unique qualities in informing, inspiring and shaping societies, human beings have used the time and space media selectively to propagate th...
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Research Article
Failed Early Childhood Attachments and the Subsequent Disruptive Use of Social Media as Contributing Factors to Later Life Development of Extreme/Radical Ideologies
Peter David Stacy*,
Kyla Richardson
Issue:
Volume 14, Issue 2, April 2025
Pages:
159-171
Received:
8 March 2025
Accepted:
20 March 2025
Published:
29 April 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ss.20251402.19
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Abstract: Extreme and radical ideologies have become the primary ideologies in virtually every aspect of our social, political, business, individual lives. Given this development, an extensive literature review was conducted in order to identify the life experiences that influenced the later life development of extreme/radical ideologies. This literature review consistently identified both childhood attachments and excessive use of social media formats as being related to the development extreme/radical ideologies. These associations, however, were not validated by the use of research methodologies. In response to this shortcoming, a research protocol was developed to statistically define the relationship between childhood attachment, the use of social media and the later life development of extreme/radical ideologies. These initial findings either failed to identify any or, at best, very weak correlations between childhood attachment or extreme/radical ideologies and extreme/radical ideologies. In response to these findings, an additional set of analyses were developed that combined the attachment scores and the social media scores into a single composite variable. The new combined variables provided consistent significant correlations with the extreme/radical variables. The rationale for developing a combined variable was based on the complexity of the development of extreme/radical ideologies that was identified in the literature review. In summary, the findings provide social workers and mental health practitioners a clear mandate for their role in preventing the development of extreme/radical ideologies with in the family unit as well as promoting government involvements to provide the needed resources to facilitate macro level prevention strategies.
Abstract: Extreme and radical ideologies have become the primary ideologies in virtually every aspect of our social, political, business, individual lives. Given this development, an extensive literature review was conducted in order to identify the life experiences that influenced the later life development of extreme/radical ideologies. This literature rev...
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Research Article
Theory of History and Discomfort of Civilization
Roberto Bani*
Issue:
Volume 14, Issue 2, April 2025
Pages:
172-181
Received:
11 March 2025
Accepted:
27 March 2025
Published:
29 April 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ss.20251402.20
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Abstract: Sociality, which in Psyche and Society has been studied with all the data traceable in books, magazines, documentaries, has its origin and genetic root in the animal stages crossed by our phylogenesis, as reported in Psychosocial Origin of Man. From the detailed analysis of human societies, from the most primitive to the current ones, an analysis carried out in Naked History, the types with ecological factors and transformations have been identified, united in the Historical Framework of Civilizations. In this summary article we will see how the relationships between humans are structured, the common motivations, the types of aggregates and consequently how history develops. Less than 8,000 years ago, sapiens began to implement its potential. The initial agro-pastoral revolution greatly multiplied the species, pushing it to create increasingly larger societies until it covered the entire planet, accompanied by billions of artifacts, expressions of its powerful creativity. Beyond forms, all humans have the same fundamental needs (nourishment, expansion of territory, management of power, hope in eternity), and following one or the other, crowds are born and organize themselves into societies, institutions, sects, parties, companies. They proclaim common ideals and certainties, which soon become fideisms and fanaticisms, taking on the character of obsessions: human masses often converge in collective psychoses. Therefore, among humans, recurring relationships realize a plot, but this occurs only in two typical ways, like tracks that channel crowds and societies, such plots are hierarchies and markets. The importance of work is enormous: it is about understanding societies, history, human nature.
Abstract: Sociality, which in Psyche and Society has been studied with all the data traceable in books, magazines, documentaries, has its origin and genetic root in the animal stages crossed by our phylogenesis, as reported in Psychosocial Origin of Man. From the detailed analysis of human societies, from the most primitive to the current ones, an analysis c...
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Research Article
The Structuring Principles of Society in the Right: Fundamentals for Applying a Legal Theory That Forms the Right
Maria Laura Moreno Fernandez*,
Antonio Bonatto Barcellós
Issue:
Volume 14, Issue 2, April 2025
Pages:
182-190
Received:
21 March 2025
Accepted:
19 April 2025
Published:
29 April 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ss.20251402.21
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Abstract: This work proposes a legal theoretical line of a psycho-anthropological nature, which allows us to support the hypothesis that the principles of security and equality originate in the instinct of self-preservation and structure the right. A legal theory is necessary to form the right that articulates these principles and operates them only within the formal ideal order. The purpose of the right is to finish forming social relationships within an ideal order, and in symbolic terms, and integrate them into the "Social Pact,” thus maintaining security in relationships. To form these ideal, symbolic social relationships and provide them with security, it is necessary to form the right by applying the principle of equality. This principle of equality is the formative element of social relations and, therefore, of law. This ideal equality can only be applied through a formal logical ideal legal theory, adapting to the ideal order of the concepts of Hans Kelsen's pure theory of law (right).
Abstract: This work proposes a legal theoretical line of a psycho-anthropological nature, which allows us to support the hypothesis that the principles of security and equality originate in the instinct of self-preservation and structure the right. A legal theory is necessary to form the right that articulates these principles and operates them only within t...
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